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Chapter One: Before You Cast Off
Operating a boat means more than just getting in and turning the key or
hoisting a sail. As a boater, you need to know all about federal and state
boating laws, required safety equipment, operational characteristics of your
boat, what to do during an emergency and the environment where you operate,
before venturing onto the water. The more you know before you go can make a
significant safety difference once you’re on the water.
NAUTICAL BOATING TERMS
Speaking and understanding nautical language makes for a better boating
experience. Additional terms will be defined as they appear within the text of
the course. These terms apply to PWC and all other types of boats.
- Abeam - to one side of a vessel, at a right angle to the bow and stern line.
- Aft - a direction towards the back of a boat. At the stern.
- All-round Light - a light showing an arc of 360 degrees. May be white, red or green.
- Anchor - a device used to hold a boat in place.
- Anchor Aweigh - a term used to mean that the anchor is clear of the bottom and may be hoisted back aboard.
- Aperture - a fixed opening in the steerable nozzle of a jet drive propulsion system through which water passes.
- Astern - opposite of forward. Behind.
- Bend - a way of attaching or fastening a rope to an object.
- Bilge - bottom, inside of the hull.
- Bilge pump - an electric or manual pump used to remove water from a boat.
- Bow - front of the boat.
- Bridge - structure above the main deck. Housing or shelter.
- Capsize - a situation where one or both of the gunnels becomes submersed under the water.
- Cavitation - the rapid formation of air bubbles caused by the movement of the propeller when exposed to the air instead of just water.
- Centerline - a measurement halfway between the port and starboard sides.
- Cleat - raised two-ended (horn-shaped) fitting to which a line is secured.
- Deck - surface above a bilge. Area you walk on.
- Displacement - the amount of water forced to move when a boat is placed in the water.
- Draft - the amount of hull under the surface of the water.
- Fetch - the unobstructed movement of air across water.
- Forward - a direction toward the bow.
- Freeboard - the amount of the hull above the waterline.
- Gunwale - the top portion of the freeboard.
- Heaving line - a length of small line with a weighted end which enables a larger line to be passed to another boat or onto a pier for mooring.
- Hitch - a knot that can easily be untied. Used to temporarily secure a line to something.
- Hull - the physical structure of the outside of a boat.
- Impeller - an internal device that speeds up water.
- Inboard - an automotive engine converted for marine use. Engine and transmission are inside the boat and a separate drive shaft passes through the hull. A propeller is attached to the end of the drive shaft. An independent rudder is used for steering.
- Inboard/outboard - a marine engine that combines the traits of both an inboard and an outboard engine. May be referred to as an "I/O".
- Keel - bottom most center of the hull. The backbone of a boat.
- Knot - a method of joining line or rope together
- List - tilt.
- Operator - the person who has command and control of the boat's steering, propulsion or direction.
- Outboard - a self-contained power plant attached to the transom of a boat. Moving the outboard left and right allows the operator to steer the boat.
- Owner - the person(s) whose name appears on the title or official documentation of a boat.
- Passenger - a person who is along for the ride.
- Planing - the ability of a boat to get up on top of the water.
- Port - left side of a boat when facing the bow.
- Prop wash - the accelerated movement of water caused by the propeller.
- Rogue wave - an unpredictable or stray wave.
- Roll - a port to starboard motion of the boat
- Rudder - Device that assists in steering. The rudder is located astern of the propeller.
- Running Light - Located on each side of a boat. Also referred to as a sidelight.
- Sea anchor - a conical shaped object (bag/bucket) tied to a line and attached to the stern of a boat. A sea anchor is used to slow the forward motion of a boat or to stabilize the heading of a boat in rough weather.
 Skier - a generic term used to describe anyone who is being towed by a boat. The person(s) may be on skis (or barefoot), wakeboard, kneeboard, tube or any other device while being pulled through the water.- Starboard - right side of a boat when facing the bow.
- Steerable Nozzle – a device used to direct the flow of water generated by an impeller in a jet-drive system.
- Stern - back, or after end, of a boat.
- Stern Light - a white light showing an arc of 135 degrees.
- Superstructure - high surface structure built onto the main deck. May have a steering station.
- Swamp - boat takes on water, but the gunnels are still above the water.
- Through-hull fitting - a device that prevents water from entering a boat from where a hole has been drilled into the hull of a boat. Generally used to feed wires or tubing through the hull.
- Tilt - how the boat rides in the water in relation to the beam. A forward tilt indicates the bow is down in the water. Tilt is adjusted by raising or lowering the outboard or outdrive engine.
- Transom - vertical surface area of the stern.
- Trim - how a boat rides in the water in relation to the keel.
- Trim Tabs - panels that are moved by electric or hydrologic gear systems. Used to stabilize the hull to correct a port or starboard list. On inboard motorboats, trim tabs can also adjust the fore and aft balance of the boat.
- Waterline - Where a boat rests in the water. A separation point of how much boat is above the water and how much is below the water.
- Wave - a raised formation moving across the surface of water.
- Wave crest - the top of a wave.
- Wave trough - the bottom, or gully, of a wave
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